The Syrian Conflict The Reasons for Instabiluty and...

Introduction Syria like many countries before them, such as Libya and Egypt has become the epicenter for change in the region, allowing for other countries to follow in their footsteps. The question that is asked, what are the factors behind the instability in Syria and how does the religious conflict within their region have causal relations to the growing instability and the blending of borders due to refugees and displacement of their citizens? Looking exclusively at Syria serious key factors can be represented sociologically with regards to stratification, religion and power that is held by the elite class, which also makes up the religious minority. While roughly 90% of country is Muslim, 74% are Sunni, that makes up a majority of†¦show more content†¦A major concern for collecting impartial and non-biased data needed specific requirements to be met. Once Articles were found that pertain the research topic and question, three articles would need to be chosen. The first article would then be screened to ensure there is little to no bias, and holds a neutral position. The primary source material would be made entirely of numbers and statistics regarding, Syria’s population, diversity makeup, and number of citizens either displaced or refugees to ensure qualitative and quantitative date. Thus the CIA Fact Book website proved to be reliable and nonbiased in terms of strictly data figures. For the other two primary first account reports and articles, was important that they have a stated opinion on the situation involving the Syrian crisis, while maintaining objectivity, by using facts provided over the current situation. These articles and primary resource material allows for concise objective reasoning, on the evolving crisis that is currently developing within Syria and its neighboring countries. With the information provided from resource websites, firsthand accounts, and news organization reporting on new developments assisted with the rese arch and obtaining accurate data, in order for a valid research design and execution. Background Religion is said to be the primary cause of violence that has erupted in many Middle Eastern countries, such as Libya, Egypt, Yemen and Jordan.

Psoriasis Free Essays

Yes, psoriasis can be treated This six-part KULIT article series by the Persatuan Dermatologi Malaysia aims to raise awareness of psoriasis. In this final article, PDM President Dr Allan K C Yee highlights an important message for people with psoriasis – there is no cure yet for psoriasis, but its symptoms can be effectively treated and managed. Be open-minded and willing to work with your doctor to find a treatment that will work for you. We will write a custom essay sample on Psoriasis or any similar topic only for you Order Now The object of treatment is to reduce the extent and severity of psoriasis – the red scaly stigmata, the tell-tale scaling on one’s clothes, the rough cracked palms that make handshakes awkward, painful joints that limit one’s activities. In short, the goal is to improve the quality of life which has been shown in studies to be as affected as much as other major diseases such as cancer, heart disease and depression. The good news is that with today’s medical armamentarium, much can be done to allow the sufferer a greatly improved quality of life. Treatments must be individualized Fortunately, only 20% of psoriatics suffer from severe psoriasis, and the site involved is so variable that the treatments must be individualized. Limited disease can be treated with topical agents but more extensive skin involvement will require oral systemic treatments, phototherapy with artificial UV light, or even injectable agents (biologics). Furthermore psoriasis can affect any part of the body, each meriting special measures. Site-specific treatments For instance, thick scalp psoriasis is often mistakenly treated with endless anti-dandruff shampoos with little results. Scalp psoriasis invariably responds dramatically to tar pomades under occlusion for one to two weeks, a tip that an experienced dermatologist would gladly share with sufferers. Similarly, thick and cracked scaly palms and soles that prevent working with the hands or sometimes even walking, can be significantly improved with special steroid-salicylic acid ointments used under occlusion. These soften and shed the thickened dead skin making the skin pliable and usable once more. Psoriasis affecting the face, body creases – groins, armpits and private areas can be improved with the udicious use of weaker topical steroids and the newer and safer nonsteroidal calcineurin-inhibitors. The problem is that these thinned skinned areas are often treated with strong steroid creams that are not meant to be used in these sensitive areas. The end-result is irreversible side-effects such as ugly pink stretch marks, easy bruising and skin infections. We see a lot of these unfortunate cases who are sold these strong steroids from errant pharmacies without a prescription, or are introduced to them by well-meaning friends and relatives. The Dermatological Society of Malaysia is working with the Ministry of Health to ensure that potent steroids are only available with a prescription. The treatment should not be worse than the disease! Hopefully with warnings such as in this article, the lay public will be better informed about the dangers of self-medicating with potent topical steroids. Topical Treatments Generally, when the extent of psoriasis is limited to less than 5 – 10% of the body surface area (BSA), it is best to use topical treatments in the form of creams, ointments, lotions. As a guide, 1% of the BSA is the area covered by one’s palm. The red, thickened skin in psoriasis is due to the increased multiplication of the skin, allowing the collection of the dead skin layer to be manifested as thick scales. Most effective treatments whether topical or systemic work by reducing the cell multiplication, and by removing the dead skin layers. Time tested agents are coal tar, and anthranols which are messy and brown-staining thus adding further to the stigmatization sufferers feel. More cosmetically acceptable topical agents are steroid creams, vitamin D analogues and calcineurin inhibitors. The latter two are more expensive than the ubiquitous steroid creams but with a superior safety profile. Most psoriatic lesions also tend to be dry and glycerin, urea-based or other humectant moisturizers help relieve soreness and improve recovery especially when used in conjunction with keratolytics – agents that soften and shed the abnormal dead skin layers. Systemic treatments When more than 10% of BSA is involved it becomes impractical to rely on topical measures alone. It may take more than half an hour just to apply creams on large areas of affected skin. Hence, oral or injectable medications are required. Many of these drugs are able to reduce the skin’s cell multiplication or maturation rate eg methotrexate, hydroxyurea, retinoids. However many others suppress the disease process at a more fundamental level by suppressing the activity of abnormal white cells (T-cells) or by neutralizing the T-cells inflammatory chemicals (eg TNF a) eg cyclosporine and the newer biologic agents licensed for use in Malaysia. With the proper use of these systemic agents singly or in combination, it is often possible to control even the most severe cases of psoriasis. However, these systemic agents should only be used by experienced physicians as many of them can have significant side effects. For example, persons with liver disease or gastric ulcers should not be treated with methotrexate; women of child-bearing age should not use retinoids as it can cause fetal abnormalities; persons with high blood pressure or kidney problems cannot use cyclosporine. If a person with severe psoriasis has liver disease, is a woman of childbearing age, or has kidney problems what options then are available for him/her? There are 3 options – oral salazopyrine which only works in 50% of Asians, the injectable biologic agents, or phototherapy (see below). Biologic agents are the new kids on the block. They have a much better safety profile than the above mentioned oral drugs and can be used in persons with liver, kidney disease and women but unfortunately their high cost means relatively few can afford them. Even in the west, where such expensive treatments are reimbursable, the psoriasis must be shown to be non-responsive to conventional oral drugs, or organ toxicities with these drugs are present. Some of them are very helpful in controlling psoriasis as well as the disabling arthritis that affects 10-30% of psoriatics. Phototherapy (PUVA, UVB, nUVB) This is an excellent form of treatment with artificial UV light which is relatively free from serious side effects apart from a small risk of developing non-melanoma skin cancers with prolonged use. This risk is probably not significant in the setting of Asian skin types especially with the newer types of phototherapy equipment such as narrow band UVB (nUVB), and the excimer laser or excimer light. Another advantage of phototherapy is that it is a clean form of treatment, nonmessy and can give a long remission period of up to one year. The main drawback is that it does require visits to the phototherapy centre 3 times a week for 2-3 months. The good news is that most states in Malaysia now have phototherapy units to treat not only psoriasis, but also vitiligo and severe atopic eczema. Alternative therapies In this day and age where the emphasis is on evidence-based medicine (EBM), alternative therapies must prove its worth with hard core scientific evidence from well-conducted clinical studies. Many people with psoriasis who have suffered from the condition for years are, not surprisingly, hopeful for answers, breakthroughs, and even a â€Å"cure† perhaps. Unfortunately, there is no shortage of charlatans offering â€Å"cures† for psoriasis, often in network marketing schemes. One has to acknowledge the fact that psoriasis has a genetic basis, and unless gene therapy becomes a reality, there cannot be a cure, even with accepted treatments such as climatotherapy in the Dead Sea. Diets for psoriasis are as yet unproven, although an FDA-approved healthy diet with at least 5-9 servings of fresh preferably organic produce may be of help in improving one’s general health. Stress reduction strategies may help insofar as stress precipitates and aggravates psoriasis. Prayer has been shown useful in several medical conditions, and a strong faith life can only help, if only to give one the equanimity to deal with the turbulence of modern life. The future of psoriasis treatments There is considerable optimism in the search for better and safer treatments for psoriasis in the near future. We now have a much better understanding of the genetics and underlying immune derangements in psoriasis. It is only a matter of time before the tremendous amount of ongoing research bears better fruit that is sweeter and without the bitter aftertaste of side-effects. Indeed here are promising smaller molecules in the offing that are cheaper to synthesize. Watch out for this space. Psoriasis affects 2-3 percent of Malaysians. This is the final article of a six-part series from PDM’s â€Å"KULIT – Living with Psoriasis† Campaign 2007. For more on psoriasis, treatment options and KULIT, visit www. dermatology. org. my or email kulitcampaign@yahoo. com. This article is a guide to help you better understand psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. Consult a suitably qualified medical practitioner before acting on any information contained above. KULIT is a community programme sponsored by Wyeth Malaysia. How to cite Psoriasis, Essay examples

Asthma Essay Research Paper AsthmaAsthma is very free essay sample

Asthma Essay, Research Paper Asthma Asthma is really common, but it isn # 8217 ; t good understood. Current interventions for the disease are acquiring to be more effectual. In the hereafter, hopefully progresss in medical research will take to even better interventions so the 1s we presently have. We use our lungs to take a breath they work by taking O from the air we breathe in and so disposing it as C dioxide ; Carbon Dioxide is a deathly waste merchandise made by the cells of the organic structure. Once this exchange has taken topographic point, Carbon dioxide is removed from the organic structure by take a breathing it out, or expiring. Asthma is a upset that interferes with the lungs and the air passages to the lungs. It causes onslaughts of wheezing and hard external respiration. An asthma onslaught occurs when the air passages respond to some sort of trigger, Some illustrations of triggers for Asthma onslaughts are dust, cast, pets, exercising, cold conditions, and some onslaughts start for no known ground. We will write a custom essay sample on Asthma Essay Research Paper AsthmaAsthma is very or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The triggers may annoy the air passages to the lungs, leting disease-fighting cells to construct up and doing the lungs to swell up. In add-on, the air passages could acquire blocked when the musculuss environing the lungs tighten. This keeps air from go arounding freely in the lungs. Or, mucous secretion may choke off and contract the air passages in the lungs, doing take a breathing even more hard. During an asthma onslaught, the walls of the air passages become ireful, and the mucose membrane found on the walls of the lungs become conceited with fluid and mucous secretion fills taking up the staying infinite, doing it hard to take a breath. *Because air can non flux in and out of the lungs freely, a whistle or wheezing sound may be heard. During a terrible onslaught, wheezing might halt because of the air traveling in and out of the lungs are excessively weak to do any noise. Asthma onslaughts are known as three different degrees they are mild, moderate, or severe, and they can last up excessively ass small as a few proceedingss, or every bit long as several yearss. Asthmas onslaughts can go on at any clip and the can go on anyplace. Many onslaughts occur at dark. There can be warning marks of an onslaught before it happens, but sometimes there aren # 8217 ; t any marks at all. Symptoms of Asthma The symptoms of asthma can different among people. Normally there is antsy pharynx, or stringency in the thorax, followed by a cough, wheezing, or shortness of breath. It # 8217 ; s clip to acquire aid if # 8230 ; ? Your symptoms do non acquire better with medicine Your take a breathing continues to acquire worse after intervention ? Your fingernails or lips turn grey or bluish ? It is hard to walk or speak, or you have utmost trouble take a breathing ? It feels like your cervix, thorax, or ribs are pulled in with each breath you take ? Your anterior nariss flare when you breathe Beginning: American Academy of Family Physicians Gun triggers of Asthma Although the specific things that trigger an asthma onslaught can alter from individual to individual, some common triggers are good known. These include the followers: Allergens ( substances that people are allergic to ) Common allergens include pollen, cast, carnal hair or pelt, family dust/dust touchs, cockroaches, and certain nutrients. Infections Both bacterial and viral infections can annoy the air passages, triping asthma onslaughts. Sinusitis ( inflammatio N of the nose and rhinal air passages ) During a sinus infection, mucus run outing into the nose, pharynx, and lungs can do asthma symptoms. Irritants. Examples of thorns to the air passages include strong olfactory properties and sprays ( aromas, family cleaners, pigments, and varnishes ) ; certain chemicals like coal, chalk dust, and talcum pulverization ; air pollutants ; baccy fume ; altering conditions conditions ( for illustration, cold conditions ) . Smoke Inhaling fume from coffin nails or fires harms the air passages and is particularly difficult on the air passages of people with asthma. In fact, coffin nail smoke is responsible for more than half of the instances of asthma in people over 40 old ages of age. Exercise Although exercising is good for people with asthma, it can trip an asthma onslaught. Peoples with asthma demand to work with their physicians to forestall asthma onslaughts due to exert ( certain drugs can assist forestall asthma symptoms from happening after exercising ) . Exposure to thorns on the occupation Many instances of asthma are worsened or even caused by exposure to bluess, dust, gases, or exhausts in the workplace. This type of asthma normally improves when the individual takes a few yearss off from work, such as on weekends and holidaies. Sensitivity to medicines and sulfites Approximately 5 % to 20 % of grownups with asthma have onslaughts triggered by sensitivenesss or allergic reactions to sulfites and to medicines such as acetylsalicylic acid, isobutylphenyl propionic acid, Indocin, and naproxen. Peoples with asthma should confer with their doctors before taking any new medicine, including those available without a prescription. Sulfites are frequently used to continue nutrients and drinks, including tuna, nutrients available at salad bars, dried apples and raisins, lemon juice, grape juice, and vino. IMPORTANT NOTICE: In March, 1997, the United States Food and Drug Administration issued a warning that people with asthma or allergic reactions as to sulfites should non eat transcribed white ( albacore ) tuna or light tuna because most transcribed tuna contains sulfites, even though they are non listed on the label. If you want more information about the sulfite content of specific tuna merchandises, delight name 800-283-1112, a particular figure set up by the tuna industry. Emotional anxiousness Strong emotions and nervous emphasis can trip asthma in some people. This may be due, in portion, to the ability of emotions and emphasis to weaken the organic structure # 8217 ; s defences. Allergies and Asthma Allergies are the one of the chief prima causes of asthma. About 90 % of kids under the age of 10 that are infected with asthma have allergic reactions. Around 70 % of people under the age of 30 have asthma and 50 % of those over 30. Allergies is likely to be a assisting factor to asthma if: ? You have close relations with allergic reaction ( that is, a female parent, male parent, sister, brother, aunt, uncle, or kid ) ? Asthma begins at a immature age ? Symptoms occur or decline with different seasons ( normally fall or spring ) ? You have allergic symptoms like runny nose, hay febrility, or a skin status called eczema ? Tests show that your blood or spit contains a higher than normal degree of eosinophils, particular cells that fight infection. hypertext transfer protocol: //fbhc.org/modules/asthma Bibliography N / A

Struggles Of The Oppressed Woman Essay Example For Students

Struggles Of The Oppressed Woman Essay Struggles of the Oppressed WomanThroughout history, society has constantly oppressed woman, making it harder forher to achieve what it is that she so desires.In modern day society, a female has to worktwice as hard as a male does to reach the same desired goal.Stemming from ourancestors beliefs and morals that women belong in the home, these two compositions,written by Amy Tan and Lynn Bloom, illustrate these beliefs concerning the roles of thewomen in society.In both cases, the women involved write of their struggles and theways in which each overcame them.Women are highly outnumbered as, professorsgovernmental figures, doctors and many other prestigiouspositions.This fact aloneexemplifies the struggles of a woman in society.Though the goals, the obstacles, and thesituations were all different, the beliefs reflected by each author are very much alike. We will write a custom essay on Struggles Of The Oppressed Woman specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Amy Tans, The Red Candle, is the story ofAmys upbringing, mainlyconcerning her marriage.In Taiyuanese society, women do not have much freedomconcerning how they live.Having no control over the process of selecting a husband,Tans future husband is chosen at the age of two.Living in the strict Taiyuanese society,her life was carved in stone at an extremely early age.In her early years, all thoughts andactions were directed to the development of a good wife for her future husband.Acontract was made, between the Tans and the Huangs, concerning the future of theirchildren.Tyan-yu, Tans future husband, would have all of the power in the marriage,leaving Tan nothing but orders.How would a woman be able to live a life, which she hasno control over?Being oppressed by her own society, how would Tan strive to gaincontrol of her life?The one privilege that she desires is to have the control to gain whatshe wants and likes.These simple desires are exactly what Lynn Z. Bloom strives foralso. Lynn Z. Blooms auto-biographical composition, Teaching College English As AWoman, reflects being a female college professor and the struggles that come with thetask.Like Tan, Bloom was constantly rejected and oppressed while trying to attain whatshe desired.She had many obstacles to overcome in order to reach her goal of becominga full time successful college professor.Knowing that she was well qualified anddeserved certain positions, she fought back and ultimately overcame these obstacles, justas Tan. Amy Tan and Lynn Bloom were from totally different backrounds and had totallydifferent goals to achieve.Though, almost every aspect of their lives was different theyboth had the same types of problems to overcome.The problems that they faced weremany, but the one that they had in common was that of oppression.Being oppressed bytheir peers played integral parts in both of their lives.First starting when she was a baby,Tan experienced oppression her whole life.Never able to make her own decisions,having her life planned, without any consent, and being treated as a slave by the Huangs,were some of the reasons that Tan felt she had to overcome this oppression thatimprisoned her.This imprisonment denied her of the person she wanted to be.Bloomexperienced this same type of oppression, but on a much lower scale, in her quest ofbecoming a college English professor.Once earning her position ofTeacher Assistantshe came to realize that teaching as a woman has many disadvantages. She was oftenre jected from jobs that she knew she was qualified for, and even those that she landedhad very tight restrictions.There are similarities in the restrictions that Bloom faced andthe restrictions that Tan faced.Tan was allowed certain actions while other actions werenot allowed; as is the case with Bloom, she was not allowed to voice her own opinion inher class, partly because she was a woman.Bloom talks about her voice that shealways ignored.S..he just accepted the way things were.Tan also accepted the waythings were, never making what she knew was the right choice.Tan and Bloom werevery much alike in that they were afraid of their superiors.They both thought they hadno rights to act on their own and do as they feel.The two were also alike in the fact thatthey developed, over time, a very strong personality which helped them achieve theirgoals.Bloom had a demeaning, one sentence written recommendation,that she usedonce but vowed never to use again. This exemplifies that she was strong and did notwant that kind of help.Tan, also vowed, that she would not be controlled by a familysuch as the Huangs, demonstrating her will power. .u9e8a7d3fa554857adace355eceb2836b , .u9e8a7d3fa554857adace355eceb2836b .postImageUrl , .u9e8a7d3fa554857adace355eceb2836b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u9e8a7d3fa554857adace355eceb2836b , .u9e8a7d3fa554857adace355eceb2836b:hover , .u9e8a7d3fa554857adace355eceb2836b:visited , .u9e8a7d3fa554857adace355eceb2836b:active { border:0!important; } .u9e8a7d3fa554857adace355eceb2836b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u9e8a7d3fa554857adace355eceb2836b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u9e8a7d3fa554857adace355eceb2836b:active , .u9e8a7d3fa554857adace355eceb2836b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u9e8a7d3fa554857adace355eceb2836b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u9e8a7d3fa554857adace355eceb2836b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u9e8a7d3fa554857adace355eceb2836b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u9e8a7d3fa554857adace355eceb2836b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9e8a7d3fa554857adace355eceb2836b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u9e8a7d3fa554857adace355eceb2836b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u9e8a7d3fa554857adace355eceb2836b .u9e8a7d3fa554857adace355eceb2836b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u9e8a7d3fa554857adace355eceb2836b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Othello Essay PaperEven though they sharedmany things in common they had their differences.Theone difference that stood out the most was the supporting male.Bloom had a verysupportive man beside her during her struggle.When commuting two thousand miles perweek to one of her jobs, Martin said go for it, and took care of the children.This wasnot the case with Tan and her husband, Tyan-yu.Tyan-yu did not respect the narratorand always gave her a hard time.This is mainly what drove her do act out against thisoppression.Tan and Bloom also had very different approaches to how they would reacheach respective goal.Bloom was an extremely aggressive person, never accepting thefact t hat she got rejected or harassed.She was a work horse, never giving up on herdream.Realizing that the obstacles would always be there, she worked to overcomethem, accepting any job she could get and working extremely hard to advance and get hertenure.Tan was different in the way that she approached her problem.Never speakingor acting out, it seemed as though she accepted it.She had accepted the fact that her lifewas planned for her and she had nothing to do about it.She accepted this fact for manyyears and even when she was living with Tyan-yu she never disagreed with anything. This is the way in which many women deal with oppression, just accepting it and notdoing anything about is extremely common in Taiyuanese culture.Tan writes, After awhile, I hurt so much I didnt feel any difference.This is a key example of thenarrators acceptance of her problem.Though, in the end she did resist, for most of herlife the she was acted as acoward by accepting the problem.Another differencebetwee n the two is how they finally overcame the conflict.Bloom, outright, just defeatedit by pure will and perseverance; while Tan had to lie, and hope the Huangsbelievedher.Because of this, I believe Bloom is a much stronger person. The two women portrayed in these two compositions had qualities that weresimilar and qualities that separated them.They were equal in that they were eachpresented with an oppressive problem.These problems, though extremely different fromone another, rooted from the basic fact that women are oppressed.I call this a factbecause in our society oppression is all around.Though it is becoming more scarce littleby little, oppression still plays a dominant role in a womans life.The final result forboth women was of victory over oppression.For both of these women to go against thestandards and values of their culture and society is a victory in itself.For these women toactually achieve what they initially set out to do, makes it an even greater victory.Bothwere oppressed, but both had different ways to overcome this oppression.Though bothdefeated their struggles with hard work and determination, the path that each took is whatultimately separated the two.Both Bloom and the narrator overcame t hese problemswith hard work and powerful determination.It is this powerful determination that makesthese two so much alike, but it is the in which they used this will to overcome theirproblems that ultimately separated the two.

Cleaning Staff ESL Dialogue

Cleaning Staff ESL Dialogue ​​Jared knocks quietly on the door in response to Ms. Andersons request. He offers help and provides some information about the services offered at the hotel.   Jared: (knocks on the room door) May I come in, madam? Ms. Anderson: Yes, thanks for coming so quickly. Jared: Certainly, madam. How can I help you? Ms. Anderson: Id like some fresh towels in the suite when I get back this evening. Jared: Ill get them immediately. Would you like me to also change the bed sheets? Ms. Anderson: Yes, that would be nice. Could you also turn down the covers? Jared: Is there anything else I can do for you? Perhaps you have some laundry I can take to be cleaned. Ms. Anderson: Now that you mention it, I do have some clothes in the laundry bag. Jared: Very good, madam. Ill have them cleaned and folded when you return. Ms. Anderson: Excellent. You know, it gets stuffy in this room. Jared: Id be happy to open the window while you are away. Ill make sure to close it before you return. Ms. Anderson: †¦ oh, I can never find the light switch when I get back in the evening. Jared: Ill make sure to leave the lamp on the bedside table  on after I finish cleaning up. Ms. Anderson: Are you going to vacuum? Jared: Certainly, madam. We vacuum our rooms every day. Ms. Anderson: Thats good to hear. Well, its time for me to see my friends. Today were visiting a vineyard. Jared: Enjoy your day, madam. Ms. Anderson: Oh, I will†¦ Just a second, could you also take out the trolley with this mornings breakfast? Maria: Yes, madam Ill take it with me when Ive finished tidying up. More Dialogue Practice - Includes level and target structures/language functions for each dialogue.

Architecture of Integrated Information Systems †MyAssignmenthelp

In B Bakery, the performance is based on the growth with the orders set for the new healthy product ranges where Bakery has lost some of the key accounts when they are producing some of the products at the best competitive rates. B Bakery is the company which can work on the selling of the products to the supermarkets and the different pub chains. The customer base is mixed with the prominent business that comes from being their customer. They also tend to produce the bakery products with the supplies done to the other business and the shops. The focus has been on the bakery business needs where there is a need to handle the production units, supply chain management, sales and the marketing. The company works for handling the accounts, finance, and the HR management process. With this, the supply chain management needs to take care of the buying of the raw material from the different other business like the poultry farm and the fruit shops, with the flour suppliers. The production is based on the bakery products with the management of the inventory and the logistics management. This will help in storing the products and the delivery of the orders to the different shops, and the eatable areas. (Romnney et al., 2012). The accounts are managed through the accounting activities, where the payment is made to the suppliers, and the payment is generally from the customers. The payroll management is to take hold of the staff and to work on handling the hiring, payroll systems effectively for the staff. The final sales are through the taking of order and then selling the products by properly exploring for the different markets. The marketing is based on the promotion of the business where the frame is depending upon handling the processes which are mainly affected by the sales, and the accounts as well. To check on the problems, the supply needs to handle the production which could be affected due to the different reasons, which will lead to the problems in the sales and the accounts. (Ismail et al., 2014). Hence, when the business loses some accounts, then the business must manage with the lesser sales along with which HR management also suffers. The bakery needs to focus on taking care of the business processes like the equipment for the bakery and the chefs so that they can provide with the better quality of the food to the people. The goal of the business is to process and provide the best to the customer so that he comes back with the more customers. The individual activities can be divided into the org anizations and mainly among the people. Hence, it is important for the business to work on the value-added chain systems which include the process with the supply of goods and services that would lead to the span of the several business systems. The economic benefits are generated when there is a change in the business administrative systems that does not differ from the use of the systems and the business systems. The analysis and the modeling are necessary to define the limits as well as to consider where the bakery can provide the connection of the interfaces with easy management. (Anandarajan et al., 2012). The processes of the bakery of the business are based on the core business patterns, where the supply chain management and the production will help in the easy management of the HRM and the accounts. Here, the accounts are important for the business as it will help in fuel to the whole business process. The B bakery is important for the growth in the last few years as this will help in handling the accounting difficulties in an effective manner. The dedication of the team is mainly to the accounting experts who work on the bookkeeping processes for the business. (Domeika, 2015). The setup of the company depends upon decision-making activities where the company has to focus on their competitive prices as well. It has been seen that the company has lost some of the valuable customers as well. Hence, it is important for the business to focus on the needs with the information for easy and fast running and functioning of the system. The information is likely to affect the business process es with the decisions of the strategic forms that will bring a change in the business to a higher level of success. (Bajdor et al., 2014). There is accounting information for the business that includes the availability of the software for a purpose where B Bakery tends to acquire: The enhancement of the accounts and its sales. The integration setup with the business processes which is mainly for handling the accounting systems with the efficient decision-making processes. The investments primarily in the accounting software that will lead to the customization of the business process. The implementation of the ERP and AIS that is set for the business where ERP will lead to the integration of the business with the better platform for AIS. (Talk, 2016). The business of the bakery needs to focus on the core business processes which will include the performance of the market. The first focus is to be on the business processes and the information. The transactional and the operational information is important for the processing and the decision making in an effective manner. The accounting is the process that will help in easy connection to the different process of business. Hence, for the proper information standards, there is a need for the accounts with the information from the different processes. (Kuperman et al., 2013). The standards are set for the suppliers and the stock in the inventory, amount of the sales and the possible margins to handle the cost of the raw materials as well, costing with the labor charge. These are important for the setting of the competitive pricing for a particular product where the information comes from the different business processes. The standards are set to maintain the integration and the needs o f the business processes and the systems. This includes the forms of the integration which will be able to integrate with the better compatibility and the faster process of business. Hence, there are forms which include the help in earning more revenue. AIS tends to implement the ERP structure or the integration of the ERP implementation. This will also help in providing the structure to the business along with collecting and managing the process, storing and retrieving the financial information from the business analysts, managers, and the other accountants or the tax consultants. (Grabara et al., 2014). The ERP will tend to integrate the functions and the processes of the business. For this, the integration is set where the valuable source of information comes from the business patterns, where AIS tends to focus mainly on the business forecasting information with the proper analysis of the historical information. The system requirements are based on the ERP and the AIS implementation which are important for handling the system objectives of the company. This is mainly based on the ERP software that will lead to the integration of the different business processes along with sharing the data with the centralized database. Here, the focus is on the AIS process that will lead to the access of information from the different processes of business. (Wiegers et al., 2013). The processing   is better and accurate depending upon the forms and the fundamental functions which include: The AIS is important for the effectiveness, and the efficient data processing as the data acquired is set for the operations and the different transactions of the company. There are forms where the functions need to work on the transaction sources that will help in easy documentation process as well. The transactions need to record the journals, where the journal records are for the proper detail of the events which are related to the company. Then, there is a need to transfer the data from the journal to the ledgers. The ledger is set to sort the data which is based on the different accounts. AIS works on the different software patterns which will help in the easy management of the decision making process along with working on the information that comes from the database and the analysis. There are categories for the management, managerial reports and the handling of the financial statements. (Komala, 2012). AIS works on the software standards where there is a need to handle the control with assuring the ability to rely on the information which is being produced by the software. This is also for the ensuring of the efficiency with the business activities that is set by the management objectives. The accounting software is based on the applications which work on the account payables and the payroll systems. This is important for the proper handling of the in-house by the organization. It includes the on-line based access that is set for the different devices and for the suppliers to handle the areas of accounting. The pattern is based on the stock and inventory processes where the company tends to keep the control of the inventory with the purchase order when the order is set with the sales for the different customers. The implementation in the bakery of AIS is active as it will help in handling the total costs which are more than the actual software costs. (Berente et al., 2012). The midmarket and the larger applications are set through the resellers and the developers which lead to the customization and support of the services. There are lower end market systems with the inexpensive application software that allow the general business accounting functions to be performed de pending upon the market standards. The business is set with the lower end systems where there are no major adequate security or the auditing trials. This is based on the wide range of the business software that is capable of working on the different needs as well as the multiple currencies. The framework is mainly to include the industry standards with the robust database functionalities. The higher end specifications are for the applications with, the smaller development team, increased risks of the business failure and the reduced availability of support. (Madapusi et al., 2012). With the change of technology, AIS works on the software vendors who can offer the wider range of advanced software generally at the lower price. For this, there is a major focus on handling the companies and then dealing with the multiple stages of the growth. This will help in realizing and growing the larger market with the various locations in size. With the software vendors, they can provide with the offer that will increase the advanced software at a lower price. Along with this, there is a need to check on the suitable formats for the companies at the different stages of growth. This ensures that the features of the mid-market and the high-end software include the advancement of the customization and the scalable database. The forms are also set with the expansion of the business overseas or then allowing the workers to connect to the home office. (Grabinskia et al., 2014). The options are mainly to work on the Software as a Service application that will lead to the accessibility from the different locations. The selection of the B Bakery being the family-owned firm is based on the business, where there are 70 employees. The company needs to categorize the medium to the large-scale company where the solutions are set for the business. It is important for the small business and the home-based business which have 1-5 members. There is software which can handle the delivery of the financial accounting functionality, their review, and the reports. AIS like the QuickBooks, SAGE and the XERO is set as certain examples. This includes the class of the AIS which is important for the small to the medium scale business with 100 active users. The software is also able to handle the different functionalities where the high demands are mainly for the information support.   (Davenport, 2013). The reports are relating to the software which is scalable and then associated with the database which is completely robust.   Certain other examples are Exact Max, QuickBooks Enterprise, CYMA, Microsoft Dynamics, SAP by design. This is based on the AIS that allows the organization to have more than 100 active users. The system can handle the different features and the functionalities which are based on the SAP, Oracle, etc. This is for the different processes that include the AIS for the SMB where there are support from50 active users for the diversified times with the range of accounting and the other financial activities. Here, the forms are set for the business intelligence, HR, and the web services to handle the manufacturing and the distribution of the services. It includes the better customer relationship management. The solutions could easily be set with the customization based on the processes that include the software with high modularity, stability, and the flexibility. The needs are mainly for the Microsoft Windows Environment and the Microsoft SQL which is based on the backend database. (Hoffer, 2012). The implementation is important for the client-server or the online platform. This works on the basis where there is support for the setting of operations with the easy use of the software. The integration is based on the different modules of the software which works on the maximization of the ROI of the business. The decision-making processes with the users can easily identify and define the forms which include the users who can add the defined fields with the business rules. The decision-making processes are important for performing the specific tasks with the customization that will lead to handling the need for the gradation. This can handle the different key functions with the proper production planning, logistics, and the quality management in an effective manager. Here, the training and the corporate services are set for the real estate management so that the system can build the best support for the service oriented architectures. (Belfo et al., 2013). The project standards a re set with the companies who try to plan for the implementation and then upgrading to the SAP ERP systems with easy integration of the system to save the implementation from the failure. The deployment and the maintenance costs are based on the improved production efficiency with the minimization of the shortage and the interruption functions. Here, the forms are set with the generalized accounting solutions that are for the SMB data. Here, a proper lookup has been for the SaaS details which are related to the cloud accounting solutions. The robust sets are for the professional services and to work on the integrated process of the finance, CRM. The companies belong to the light manufacturing industry with the suitable form of the implementation of the software. The advantages for this are: The easy access to the software, support mainly for the international account as well as the financial transaction support. The multi-currency and the multi-language support is improving the cost of ownership, which reduces and the management is set across the organization in a controlled manner. Here, the forms are also established for the cloud-based solutions with the built-in of the disaster recovery system and the enhanced support for the security. The forms are set for the B Bakery system where the software need to work on the integration of the platform with the capability to handle the different operations as well as the transactions of the decision-making process. A proper use of the SAGE 100 ERP will help in improving the quality of the accounting software. With this, there is a possibility to work on the different business process and check on the connection with the integrated platforms. There are different ranges of the business which are available on the system through the software, where the vendors, customers, and the in-house users tend to connect to the system mainly through the BYOD. The management of the CRM, sales and the integrated platform helps in easy transformation of the raw data with easy processing that will add the advantage to the system. The information from the business comes with the intelligence analysis, where the system is through the discovery of the potential customer, products and the demand for the market management. For this, there is a need to check on the safer stock control which will help in easy understanding and change the procedures of the potential customers. The understanding is based on the customer r equirements with the hold of the easy and the better formats of work.   (Hooffer, 2012). The relationship is based on integration with the forms of the product stability, maintenance, integration, and the reports. This is based on the collaboration with the social media that will help in easy delivering of the better CRM experience. The information from the business intelligence will also help in maintaining the records of the customer with the historical and the inventory data that is based on the understanding of the potential customers, and their requirements. The billing and the other operations could easily be set through the billing and payment modules that are for the invoicing and handling the quick payment factors. (Stair et al., 2012). The expenses are for the invoices which could easily be reduced to the forms that include the automation process with the lesser effort. The forms of the Days Sales Outstanding is reduced with the redundant form of the data entry where the time required for the invoicing is based on the handling of the processes of billion and th e automated invoicing. The processes for the SAGE ERP 100 is set for the managers to handle the processing of the orders, payment and the collection in an easy manner. The information could easily be added to the system of ERP with the forms where the company has the liability to work on earning more revenue and the benefit. The receiving of the ROI (Return on Investment) will be more and faster with the improved functions. The standards of the transformation will depend on the relationship services along with working over the different system standards. (Davenport, 2013). For the easy management of the system, there is a need to focus on the business processes which is set through the integrated and the simplified, robust version. (Madapusi et al., 2012). Here, the management and the fulfillment of the orders is based on organizing the system in an effective manner. The services are set to the value added formats which are for the software development. The business also applies to the addition of the AIS implementation with the statistics that tend to achieve the advantages. Anandarajan, M., Anandarajan, A. and Srinivasan, C.A. eds., 2012.  Business intelligence techniques: a perspective from accounting and finance. Springer Science & Business Media. Bajdor, P. and Grabara, I., 2014. The Role of Information System Flows in Fulfilling Customers’ Individual Orders.  Journal of Studies in Social Sciences,  7(2). Belfo, F. and Trigo, A., 2013. Accounting information systems: Tradition and future directions.  Procedia Technology,  9, pp.536-546. Berente, N. and Yoo, Y., 2012. Institutional contradictions and loose coupling: Postimplementation of NASA's enterprise information system.  Information Systems Research,  23(2), pp.376-396. Davenport, T.H., 2013.  Process innovation: reengineering work through information technology. Harvard Business Press. Domeika, P., 2015. Creation of the Information system of enterprise fixed asset accounting.  Engineering Economics,  60(5). Grabara, J., Kolcun, M. and Kot, S., 2014. The role of information systems in transport logistics.  International Journal of Education and Research,  2(2), pp.28-36. Grabinskia, K., Kedziora, M. and Krasodomska, J., 2014. The Polish accounting system and IFRS implementation process in the view of empirical research.  Accounting and Management Information Systems,  13(2), p.281. Hoffer, J.A., 2012.  Modern Systems Analysis and Design, 6/e. Pearson Education India. Ismail, N.A. and King, M., 2014. Factors influencing the alignment of accounting information systems in small and medium sized Malaysian manufacturing firms.  Journal of Information Systems and Small Business,  1(1-2), pp.1-20. Komala, A.R., 2012. The influence of the accounting managers' knowledge AND the top managements' support on the accounting information system and its impact on the quality of accounting information: A case of zakat institutions in Bandung.  Journal of Global Management,  4(1), pp.53-73. Kuperman, G.J., Gardner, R.M. and Pryor, T.A., 2013.  HELP: a dynamic hospital information system. Springer Science & Business Media. Madapusi, A. and D'Souza, D., 2012. The influence of ERP system implementation on the operational performance of an organization.  International Journal of Information Management,  32(1), pp.24-34. Romney, M.B. and Steinbart, P.J., 2012.  Accounting information systems. Boston: Pearson. Scheer, A.W., 2012.  Architecture of integrated information systems: foundations of enterprise modelling. Springer Science & Business Media. Stair, R.M., Reynolds, G.W., Kelly Jr, R., Rainer, E.T., Richard, E., Shelly, G.B. and Cashman, T.J., 2012. Principles of information systems.  System,  4, p.L09. Talk, O.M., 2016. Operations management. Wiegers, K. and Beatty, J., 2013.  Software requirements. Pearson Education.

The Role of Context in Biblical Hermeneutics Essay

The Role of Context in Biblical Hermeneutics - Essay Example Context plays a central role in the act of biblical interpretation. This paper is an attempt to demonstrate how this is so, and why this is so. It begins with a brief examination of the role of context in communication in general, which will then be applied to the activity of textual interpretation using the concept of the hermeneutic circle as developed by Frederich Schliermacher and Hans Georg Gadamer. Consider the following statement: â€Å"The Monkees are the greatest band ever.† On the face of it, the meaning seems obvious. It is a statement of the relative worth of The Monkees by comparison to all other musical acts throughout history. It implies that when compared with, say, the Rolling Stones, The Beatles, The Metropolitan Opera Company, and all of the Homeric bards, that the Monkees come out on top. However, this is not necessarily the meaning the statement is intended to convey. If it is said in a grave voice, it may mean just this. If it is said in an excited voice while at a concert, we may take it as earnest hyperbole. However, if it is said in a hipster infested coffeehouse, we may take it to mean precisely the opposite. The meaning of any statement is subject to the same sort of factors. Their sense cannot be determined by the examination of the mere words used, rather they must be understood with reference to the total situation in which they are spoken. As this is with spoken communication, so it is with written texts. To return this to Biblical matters, we may examine the following Biblical quotation: â€Å"He is the Rock, his work is perfect: for all his ways are judgment: a God of truth and without iniquity, just and right is he.†1 If this statement is truly taken without context, it makes a most surprising assertion. Namely, that God is a rock. Further, we find, with some surprise, that God, unlike other, more common examples of rocks, is the sort of rock that judges, and is just. One might wonder how to distinguish between ju st and unjust rocks, and indeed whether God is igneous, metamorphic or sedimentary. However, when this passages is juxtaposed with other descriptions of God found throughout the Bible, what is at first nonsensical transparently reveals itself to be metaphor. Of course, the above example is not entirely serious. No one has ever thought to read this passage as literally suggesting that God is a rock. However, this alone reveals something. Namely that everyone, instinctively, takes into account the surrounding passages, and the whole of their knowledge of the Bible when interpreting single verses. Further it sharply shows the dangers of taking biblical quotations out of context. One may ask how this works, and just how much of a role that context plays in this process. One approach would be to argue that context completely determines the meaning of individual statements, however, this seems as absurd as maintaining that context plays no role at all. It must be the case that context and statement both bear some weight in understanding a text. The German biblical and classical scholar Frederich Schliermacher proposed an interesting way to understand this relationship.2 When interpreting any text, he maintained, the part is always understood through the whole. Conversely, the whole is always understood by means of the individual parts. The relation is reciprocal. This reciprocal relation is usually referred to as â€Å"the hermeneutic circle.† An example may help to make clear how this works. One may find oneself reading through a political blog post and find oneself agreeing with it. Two-thirds of the way through, the author makes a blatantly bigoted statement. This, should, of course, give the reader pause, and the work of

Formation and Implications of Gender Stereotypes Research Paper

Formation and Implications of Gender Stereotypes - Research Paper Example Information about appropriate gender roles and behaviors is conveyed through different channels from language usage, occupational and educational settings, family and media. A family is the first mediator of gender-appropriate roles. Parents are first role models and educators of gender-appropriate roles. Media further extends the knowledge of gender differences and promotes gender stereotypes. Education through certain toys meant for boys or girls makes an early differentiation between children of different sexes. Further education, where girls are discouraged from excelling in certain fields, increases the gender gap. In the society where male and female roles are strictly regulated and men are characterized as active, rational risk takers in contract to women who are passive and emotional caregivers, it is difficult to build an identity which is different from the stereotypes. Gender roles are so deeply embedded in occupational and behavioral roles of men and women that crossing the borders of social expectations results in severe punishments. Men are labeled as homosexual and women are considered as men-like when they do not meet the cultural expectation of masculinity or femininity. It has become a common practice in social sciences to differentiate between notions of â€Å"gender† and â€Å"sex.† While sex is a biological notion defining â€Å"genetic makeup and hormone profile,† gender is a social phenomenon which â€Å"varies with the roles, norms, and values of a given society or era.† (Phillips, 2005 p.4) So, sex refers to physicality while gender refers to the behavior of individuals, the roles and personality traits which correspond to their biological makeup.

Lack of Flexibility with Employees Essay Example for Free

Lack of Flexibility with Employees Essay One of the main reasons that the company William Beckett Co needs to have a flexible work force is a factor that we have already spoken about which is the increase of work for the company that has happened in the last few years, which has created a few problems for them in most parts of the business. The other major factor that requires the company to have a flexible works force is the job rotation strategy that I have also mentioned earlier. This can only work if the employees themselves have the skills and abilities to actually perform this different jobs otherwise the whole thing will break down. If the employees dont have the right skills and abilities then the process is pointless and costly to the company as the workers would be very ineffective to produce the same standard of work that the other employees produce as they have been trained to do this. Although many view employee training as a necessary evil and expense that must be tolerated, a well designed training program pays for itself and increases the bottom line. Such a program teaches new employees to do it right the first time, thus minimizing down time, equipment damage, and personal injury while maximizing productivity and profits http://pages.prodigy. net/pblair/ttthome. htm (technical training tips) To help control the increasing level of work that the company has, they would need a flexible workforce who could move around to different areas in the company to help out with the work in order to create some stability of the work that is coming in and the work that is being completed. This would allow the company to deal with the influx of work, help the productivity of the company and even help with the motivation of the employees, whilst maintaining the impressive level of sales. As the company is over run with business, they are in need of more staff to handle the amount of work which they are generating. So the director employees a new sales administrator to help with the situation. The problem is that the person he has employed is a friend of his so he has had no formal interview or application. After a while the man redefines his own job to sales representative as he is more experienced at doing this job as he knows more about this side of the company than the administration side. The director had employed his friend to do a job he is not really qualified or able to do. I believe that the company needs to set up a human resource department which would be able to deal with the recruitment of new employees for the company. The problems with recruiting employees who are not able to do the job are that the will not be able to complete jobs on time or to a high standard of quality, which also means that productivity will be affect and the employee himself will be unhappy as he isnt able to perform the duties in his job specification. Once the HR department is setup the managers will be able to move some of their tasks over to them like recruitment, appraisals, motivational and training. As the directors are struggling to do this now the only solution would be to set up the Hr department as soon as possible. The training needs are needed throughout the company, this is due to the fact that the company has grown rapidly and the fact that the company has invested in a new range of technologies to keep them up to date with their competitors and the changes in the market. I have identified certain areas that need improving with the management which are leadership training, interpersonal relationships need to be worked on and they also need to be able to delegate tasks and responsibility. The interpersonal skills when the one to one trainer has to exercise are described by Megginson and Boydell (1979) as being similar to those required by the skilful counsellor page 229 of the theory and practice of training, 4th edition by Roger Buckley and Jim Caple. The results of this should be an increase in productivity and an improvement in sales. They could also develop their own internal learning programme as they dont have a lot of time to send them away from the company for a long time as they are so busy. The lower level staff need new training as they will not be able to work effectively enough with the new technologies as they will not be familiar with it compared to the old equipment they were familiar with. The areas that they will need to be trained on are their team working abilities, stress and pressure courses, good communication and motivation skills and theories. This should help the employees to work together as a team which will help morale and productivity as a team that are working together and are happy will be a great asset to the company.

John Steinbecks The Grapes of Wrath :: John Steinbeck Grapes Wrath Essays

John Steinbeck's The Grapes of Wrath Throughout his book, the Grapes of Wrath, John Steinbeck employs the principles of Foucault’s theory that power exists as a result of consent. This is particularly the case in the relations between the Joad family. Chapter ten includes specific scenes in which the family members’ assumed positions of power are focused on and explained. When Jim Casy asks if he can accompany the Joads on their migratory trip to California, Ma looks to Tom to speak, â€Å"because he [is] a man†. Ma is clearly consenting to Tom’s power over her as a male figure, not because he told her he had the right to speak first, but because she allowed him to hold that prerogative. Foucault also argues that identity perception is related to various modes of discourse that are specific to historical eras; apparently, the idea that women are subordinate to men has been established in behavior, media, or any other entity that influences the way people think. When the rest of the Joad family returns on the truck after attempting to sell the last of their belongings, Steinbeck uses three pages to describe each family member’s place on the truck and why they belong there. Al is the â€Å"proud and serious and efficient† driver of the truck, earning the family’s respect for his responsibility in manning the vehicle. This exemplifies Foucault’s idea of transaction: the family consents to Al’s power because they will be affected if the truck malfunctions. Rose of Sharon is a balanced, self-satisfied, and all-knowing woman whose husband, Connie, is alarmed by the dramatic change in her behavior since the onset of pregnancy: although he once controlled her, he now feels weakened in his power because he has let her complacency control him. Pa and Uncle John, as â€Å"heads of the clan,† sit in the â€Å"honor seats† beside Al; however, Uncle John secretly wants Rose of Sharon to take his pla ce because he is uneasy inside and knows she is surer of herself. Uncle John’s power is one of dogma, while Rose of Sharon’s is self-asserted. The entire Joad family then holds a council meeting to discuss their plans for departure. Again, everyone has his or her ordained placement: the men squat in an inner circle, while the women stand around them.

International Game Technology IGT Essay

International Game Technology (IGT) Introduction            The short term and long-term debt for International Game Technology as at 31st March 2014 stand at $ 1,426,400 and $ 1,760,500 respectively. The total liabilities for the company sum up to 3,186,900. This information is generated from the company quarterly report. The market value of equity of IGT is $ 3.98B and the outstanding share is $ 24M.            The debt ratio helps a company compare its total debt to total liability and equity. This ratio is used by the company to have the general notion as to the value of leverage being applied by a company. A lower value implies that the business is less reliable on borrowed funds. The less the ratio or leverage the business is applying, the stronger is the equity position of the company (Tamari, 1978). On the other hand, the bigger the ratio the higher the risk the business considered to have invested on. Debt to equity ratio is less the same as debt ratio. This is another gearing ratio that compares the business liabilities to its outstanding shareholders’ equity (Tamari, 1978). The same case with debt ratio, a lower value implies that the business is applying less borrowed fund and the better is its equity stand.            Therefore, in both case I consider these ratios too large for the IGT Company. It implies that the company is highly exposed to risk such as creditors’ lack of confidence with the company and increase in interest rates. IGT Company should consider paying off its debt. It can raise capital for paying debt by issuing more stock.            Among the three companies, IGT Company has the highest debt to equity ratio. The company may have opted for this approach in order to benefit from deductible interest tax and build the credit for the business. This approach will also ensure maintaining completely ownership of the company. The challenges with issuing large amount of stock means those shares outstanding of the company become more diluted and the current investors earn smaller ownership fraction with every extra share issued (Wiehle, 2005).            On the other hand, Multimedia Games Holdings has the lowest debt to equity ratio. It might have opted for this option in order to enables it investors raise capital without facing debt. This will allow the company owners to concentrate on making their outputs more profitable instead of paying back to lenders. Multimedia Games Holdings may have also opted for this approach to allow the company owners and investors to create a long-term association throughout the lifetime of the business. According to Wiehle (2005), the cash flow for the company will be utilized on investments instead of paying interest and outstanding debts. Moreover, this compare can be termed as a small company if you compare it with the other two companies; hence, it might have opted for this method for the fear that it will face liquidity issues and fail to pay its outstanding debts (Wiehle, 2005). References Tamari, M. (1978). Financial ratios: analysis and prediction. London: P. Elek. Wiehle, U. (2005). 100 IFRS financial ratios (1. ed.). Wiesbaden: Cometis AG. Source document

ES Lab Report †Nitrate

Background IntroductionThe presence of nitrogen is vital for all organisms as it is an element of protein. It is present in the environment in various compositions and constantly changes from one to another as it goes through the Nitrogen cycle. Nitrate and nitrite are both compounds of nitrogen, which are found in natural sources such as soil, water, plants and food. These compounds are formed when microorganisms in the environment break down organic materials, such as plants, animal manure, and sewage. This is useful as most of nitrogen absorbed by plants is in the form of nitrate. However, since nitrate is extremely leachable, it very quickly moves with water through the soil and in the event of high amounts of rainfall or excessive irrigation, this can permeate through the various soil layers and reach the groundwater sources.   Nitrate can get into drinking water from runoff or seepage into ground water from farms, golf courses, home lawns, etc. In a well, nitrate may get into the water more easily if the well is poorly constructed.The presence of nitrate in water is extremely difficult to detect, as it does not have any color, odor and is tasteless. The most significant health hazard of the presence of nitrate in drinking water is when the nitrate present in the water is transformed to nitrite in the digestive system.   This causes a condition called methemoglobinemia, which occurs due to the oxidation of hemoglobin to form methemoglobin. Methemoglobin does not have the same oxygen carrying ability of hemoglobin.Effects of nitrate in drinking water are as follows:Excessive levels of nitrate in drinking water have caused serious illness and sometimes death. When there is too much nitrate in freshwater or estuarine systems close to land, nitrate can reach high levels that can potentially cause the death of fish. Escalated potential risks of cancer from nitrate and nitrite in water and food are also reported.In this experiment, we are going to measure th e level of nitrate or nitrite present in our water system by comparing tap water with grey water. Grey water is non-industrial wastewater generated from domestic processes such as washing dishes, laundry and bathing.Aim of ExperimentBy investigating the elements of nitrite or nitrate that our ground water has, we as a class can determine which residential areas have the most health-threatening water. The aim of this experiment is to raise awareness in high school students on health-threatening issues such as the potential risks of nitrate in water.HypothesisUnlike countries like Australia or Singapore, Indonesia is not commonly associated with clean tap water. In fact drinking tap water is not recommended nor practiced.   Inspite of this common notion, there are very few health issues related to â€Å"clean water† in Jakarta.   The hypothesis put forward by this experiment is that the nitrate level in groundwater in areas around Jakarta would be minimal.Materials and Equi pmentsGrey water, Tap water, Nitrate-nitrite meter, Function graph, Calculator, Testing chemical.Independent Variable: LocationDependent Variable: Amount of nitrate/nitriteMethods– Collect plentiful gray water and tap water from houses in different areas. – Put the same volume of water from each source into different test tubes.   Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Put the testing chemical inside each test tube to check nitrate/nitrite level.   Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Measure each nitrate/nitrite level using meter.   Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Compare result using a mathematical function graph.    – Use calculator to calculate final results.      Ã¢â‚¬â€ Interpret data.DiscussionAs seen from the results the level of nitrate found was minimal.   The area around Lippo Karawaci and Sudirman has the biggest chance of having nitrate in their water. This being said does not mean there is 0% possibility that nitrate is present in other areas. This experiment is probably not as detailed as it should be; therefore achieving zero results in most of the areas.EvaluationEven though the results show extremely minimal amounts of nitrate present in the water sources In Jakarta, one cannot draw permanent conclusions that it safe to drink. Alternate sources of drinking water such as bottled water or spring water are always recommended, especially in the case of infants and pregnant women.   Boiling of water is not a solution, as this only tends to increase the concentration of nitrate in water.The hypothesis states that the nitrate level around Jakarta and its surrounding suburban areas will be minimal. The experiment confirms the hypothesis. However, since the sample size was limited the reliability of the results is debatable.

Solution to Land Pollution Essay Example

Solution to Land Pollution Essay Example Solution to Land Pollution Paper Solution to Land Pollution Paper Land pollution Land pollution is mainly caused by poor solid waste management. There are three answers to these environmental problems. YOU can Reduce, Reuse and Recycle. ; Reduction ; Reuse ; Recycle Reduction We can reduce the amount of waste that is produced by doing simple things like two-sided copying on paper and backyard composting. This will decrease the amount of waste that will be disposed of in landfills. The Government can raise awareness of the importance of reduction through campaigns and advertisements and encourage the public to participate actively in reduction strategies like waste exchange program. Reduction methods can have positive environmental impacts like conserving resources. [ Return TO TOP Another way to reduce the amount of waste produced is by reusing a product. We are reusing when we keep something and use them again for either the same or other purposes. When we go shopping at supermarkets, we can bring our own shopping bag to carry our groceries and cut down on he use of plastic bags. We can also bring our own lunchboxes to store our meals instead of disposing plastic containers after we use it. These are some simple ways that we can do to contribute. [ Return To Top ] Recycle Ever wondered where the can of coke, the bottle of lemon tea, or your homework goes to after being thrown into the bin? Well, in the process of recycling, waste materials are processed industrially and then reformed into new or similar products. This helps us to renew our limited resources, and at the same time conserve the environment! Some of the waste materials that can be recycled are used paper, newspapers, plastic and glass bottles and aluminum cans. We should throw these waste materials into the appropriate recycling bins whenever we can, instead of throwing it into the rubbish bin.

Sustainable Works Reflection Prompt Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Sustainable Works Reflection Prompt - Essay Example The ethics of this program is to sensitize every individual to take good care of their environment, making it a better place than they found it. It aims at instilling a sense of responsibility, which is crucial for the survival of every human being. When we accustom ourselves to doing such kind acts as ensuring good waste disposal, conserving energy that is not in use, and increasing the forest cover, I think we shall be preparing a green world for generations to come. This program anchors on the philosophy of moral ethics for the betterment of the society in general. The program has a strong correlation with the philosophy theories that I was learning and debating together with my classmates in that, both gear their principles towards persuading the human mind into accepting and practicing certain beliefs, opinions and ideas. While philosophy communicates to us the opinions, ideas, and beliefs of scholars and great thinkers, sustainable works program imparts on us great ideas that c an enable us live harmoniously with our environment. I strongly believe that philosophy study refines our intelligence and boosts our intellectual growth, but we cannot be intellectuals who do very little about their immediate environment. At this particular point, I must admit that the decision I made to join the sustainable works program really transformed my philosophical perception, especially in matters dealing with the environment. Before joining the program, I used to think that the role of environmental protection and sustainable growth solely rested on governments and concerned institutions. Philosophically, I now accord the environment the same essence that I accord human beings. I view human beings, plants, and animals as valuable creatures that deserve the same level of gratification and protection. In my view, any undertaking of sustainable work should not favor the thriving of some these creatures while at the same time, having adverse effect on others. This, I believe , goes against the moral responsibilities of philosophy. Politically, sustainable works program has challenged my inclination and adherence to the environmental sustainability acts and policies. When it comes to the emotional aspect, my compassion for sustainable growth and development has flared, owing to the close association and relationship I now have with the ecosystem. Succinctly, my overall perception of the environment has changed. While undertaking the program, I noticed some of my colleagues with whom we were in the same group react in a manner that suggested that the subject t matter, that is the Sustainable work program, astounded them. This was especially so because most of them were culprits whose activities were counterproductive to environmental sustainability. I think all of us were enthusiastic and a bit nervous because as philosophy students, we studied, and inculcated the thoughts, opinions, ideas, beliefs of great thinkers but one thing we were forgetting was th e ideas, and opinions of those passion were environmentally oriented. I regrettably consider this as an appreciable oversight that is worth noting. Sustainable works program entails several aspects, some of which may be fascinating, especially for first time learners. Nevertheless, one thing I found interesting was the issue of sustainable waste management. Virtually all activities of human endeavors generate wastes, some of which m

Innovation and Change - Open Innovation and Strategy Essay

Innovation and Change - Open Innovation and Strategy - Essay Example This creates proper competition in the market as the firms compete on specific value benefits to the customers. The computer industry across the world has greatly been disrupted by new innovations that are always meant to add value to the existing products in the market. Initially, mainframe computers were the only existing form of computers in the market. Such computers had the ability to address all the important needs of people at the time. However, developments in the computer industry led to the introduction of personal computers. These computers were not in any way seen as competitors to the mainframe computers. The personal computers therefore developed effectively without much influence on the mainframe computer market. In any case, these two types of computers had totally different applications in the market. However with time, the personal computers became a great threat to the operations of the mainframe computers which had very great limitations owing to their size and po rtability. This challenge eventually led to the disruption of the mainframe computer industry when the personal computers became much adopted in the market in contrast to the mainframe computers. ... This creates a lot of challenges in the market. The development of personal computers was for a long time totally unrelated to the mainframe computers market. Basically, personal computers were not used for industry applications since they were considered not powerful enough to perform such great tasks. However, with a lot of developments and innovation, much success has really been evidenced. The market for personal computers eventually became much greater than mainframe market. However, much disruption in the market is still expected given the introduction of minicomputers and other smaller computers. The major driving force behind this disruption is actually the need for efficiency and ease of operations. While mainframe computers are still much effective in industry applications, they greatly face a lot of competition from the personal computer market. Fundamentally, it has to be realized that personal computers were actually an innovation and development of the mainframe compute rs. These computers were basically an extension of the technology used in the mainframes which were in much use in the 1970s through to the 1980s. While the personal computers have greatly managed to bridge the gap that always existed in terms of computer applications in the market, some gaps still exist in the market which create the need for more innovation. In this regard, mainframe computers are widely used in industries due to their great speeds and processing ability. In organizational setups, such computers are often used to manage other computers in the organization. While such features are greatly valuable and demanded in the market, most personal computers do not have the ability to provide such

Same-sex marriage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Same-sex marriage - Essay Example The 1990s saw heated political discourses on same sex relationships particularly in relation to the rights of parenting and spousal benefits in the state of Massachusetts. This led to the recognition of same sex relationships and the provision of benefits (including health and insurance benefits) to individuals in same sex marriages. Nonetheless, this move led to a huge uproar especially among the Christians and clergymen who felt that a special interest group cannot get equal treatment and the recognition accorded to a family unit. They termed same sex partners as friends who decide to share the same house and other different responsibilities. From then, there have been unsuccessful attempts to pass a legislation that would provide guidelines on the same sex relationships. All along, the supporters of same sex relationships have been fighting not for the recognition of same sex relationship but for the accordance of equal benefits and fairness to the individuals belonging to same se x relationships. ... rt claimed that under the constitution of Massachusetts, it was illegal and highly unconstitutional to deny individuals in a same sex relationship the benefits of marriage. This opened the gates for Massachusetts to join other jurisdictions that have legalized same sex marriages including Belgium and Quebec, Canada. In the United States of America, the state of Massachusetts was the first state to recognize and legalize same sex marriages. The case â€Å"Goodridge v. Department of Public Health† provided Massachusetts with the basis for legalizing same sex marriages. The court claimed that it could not deny two individuals who are together because of a mutual agreement the benefits, obligations, and the protections of a civil marriage. The court further noted that the constitution of Massachusetts does not tolerate the establishment of second-class Massachusetts citizens under any cost. Instead, it argued that the constitution represents the rights as well as the dignity of al l people in Massachusetts. Following this decision, the court gave the state legislature a period of 180 days to take any appropriate action in line with its ruling. In the ruling, the majority opinion claimed that the court’s obligation was to provide an appropriate definition for liberty as opposed to imposing its own moral code. This opinion rubbished the perspective of the opponents of same sex marriage who claimed that the legalization of same sex marriage could not be a determination of four individuals. The majority opinion also had it that as opposed to the federal constitution, the constitution of Massachusetts protects personal liberty against any interference from the state or the national government. This is in line with the argument of LaFleur and Cristin (9) that if same sex

Employee Privacy Rights in the Workplace Essay

Employee Privacy Rights in the Workplace - Essay Example The employees, caught in the middle, depend on references to find gainful employment, but may jeopardize their eligibility if a reference portrays them in a negative light. The wider community (consumers, families, friends and acquaintances of employers and employees) may be equally affected when full disclosure does, and does not, occur. It is contended in this paper that it is vital that standardized national laws should be developed to protect past and future employers, the employees themselves, as well as the communities they work within. Firstly, the growing trend of litigation against former employers will be presented. Secondly, the laws across the states will be outlined in regards to former employer's disclosure of ex-employee information. Thirdly, reasons to standardize the laws will be provided. Finally, a conclusion shall synthesize the main points of the paper, and provide support for the adoption of a standardized national employment and labor policy in regards to termination disclosure. It is becoming more common for employees to ask their former employers for a written reason for their termination of employment, as well as a copy of their personnel record (Boisvert, 1999). It has been suggested that for previous employers, such a request is a cause for concern, as it is often a clear indication of discontent on behalf of the employee, and likely that the employee has consulted with a lawyer and is considering a lawsuit. As such, it is recommended to employers to assume they may be as risk of being sued, and to seek advice from their attorney immediately (Boisvert, 1999). When an employer terminates an employee they must be aware of the risk of being presented with a lawsuit, and have risk management policies in place to minimize such an event from occurring. The process of providing a reference for the employee will play a large part in determining if the employee can make a legal claim (Boisvert, 1999). For this reason, there has been an increasing tendency for e mployers not to provide comprehensive details of a former employees work practices. Many employers are heeding their lawyer's advice to tailor references to provide a neutral profile of the employee. In general, this involves confirming the employee's position, dates of employment and salary (Boisvert, 1999).There are numerous areas of potential liability for the former employer when providing a reference (Lovett & Potter, 2004). Most notably, is the risk of being sued for defamation or invasion of privacy. There is also the risk of liability for retaliation, such as when management takes revenge on an employee for a past non-compliance within the organization. Another liability risk is that of 'compelled self-publication' which occurs when an employee must repeat what they perceive to be false allegations as their reason from termination, so that the future employer does not hear it first from a previous employer (Lovett & Potter, 2004). In general, employers should implement polic y for the response to requests of a written reference, or for requests of information from future employers (Boisvert, 1999). It is recommended that such a policy prohibit employees from disseminating information about their co-workers, and that the policy direct all inquiries for information

Intelligent Agents Characteristics

Intelligent Agents Characteristics Report on Intelligent Agents Methodology The research for this report was done using the various books from the library, Internet sites and computer magazines. Introduction The uses of intelligent agents within the home and in businesses have increased dramatically over the years. Intelligent agents are a part of a program that carries out a task unsupervised and applies some degree of intelligence to the task. New and improved intelligent agents are constantly being designed and produced to carry out numerous repetitive and predictable tasks. One definition of an intelligent agent, as described by states â€Å"an intelligent agent perceives its environment via sensors and acts rationally upon that environment with its effectors. Hence, an intelligent agent gets percepts one at a time and maps this percept into actions† In his book, Essentials of Management Information Systems, Kenneth Laudon describes an intelligent agent as being â€Å"software programs that work in the background to carry out specific, repetitive and predictable tasks for an individual user business or software application†. The design and production of an intelligent agent has to take into consideration numerous factors. This report takes a look at these considerations and factors and provides and insight into how intelligent agents are influencing businesses and society as a whole. Findings Agent Characteristics Intelligent agents have four main characteristics: â€Å"An agent is a computer software system whose characteristics are situatedness, autonomy, adapitvity and sociability.† Situatedness When an Agent receives some form of sensory input from its environment, it then performs some actions that change its environment in some way. Autonomy This agent characteristic means that an agent is able to act without direct intervention from humans or other agents. This type of agent has almost complete control over it own actions and internal state. Adapitvity This agent characteristic means that it is capable of reacting flexibly to changes within its environment. It is able to accept goal directed initiatives when appropriate and is also capable of learning from its own experiences, environment and interaction with others. Sociability This type of characteristic means that the agent is capable of interacting in a peer-to-peer manner with other agents or humans. Design Considerations One of the most important aspects of intelligent agents is the design of the actual agent. The agent needs to be able to fulfil the tasks that are required from it, i.e. to achieve its goals. There are four main aspects that need to be taken into consideration when designing an intelligent agent. Percepts This is the information that the agent receives Actions This is what the agent needs to do or can do to achieve its objectives. Goals This is the factor that the agent is trying to achieve Environment The final aspect is the environment in which the agent will be working in. The environment in which the agent performs is probably the most important aspect that needs to be considered as this affects the outcome of the percepts, actions and goals. Different Approaches to Agent Design From the agent characteristics and design considerations come four different approaches to intelligent agent design. Simple Reflex Agents Simple reflex agents are the most basic form of intelligent agent. They are simple minded, direct connections between percepts and actions. Reflex Agents with Internal State Reflex agents with internal state are similar to the Simple reflex agents except they remember the state of the environment as contained in earlier percepts. As the agents sensors do not provide a detailed account of the environment at each input, a perception of the environment is captured over a period of time that provided further information to the agent and enables it to provide better results. Goal Based Agents For a goal based agent, the agent must know more than the current state of the environment, they must know the full requirements of the goal that they are required to perform. The goal based agent combines the information of the goal with possible actions that will achieve that goal. This may cause the agent to take longer sequences of possible actions before deciding on the right course of action and whether the goal has been achieved. Goal Based agents also take the future into consideration. 3.4 Utility Based Agents Utility-based agents are the ultimate form of intelligent agent and are an extension of the goal-based agent. Utility agents consider degrees of utility and try to maximise their own potential. Utility functions allow the agent to identify conflicting or alternative goals and decisions. The likelihood of success and importance of the goal can also be compared and evaluated by the utility agent; the agent would then execute appropriate action to ensure the best option was selected. Distinction between Environments Accessible Vs Inaccessible This environment is concerned with whether the agent is able to see the exact state of the environment. If the agents sensors are able to provide it with complete access to the state of the environment needed to choose an action, then the environment is accessible otherwise it is inaccessible. Deterministic Vs Nondeterministic In a deterministic environment, the use of the same actions will produce the same outcome every time the process or situation is repeated. But in a Nondeterministic environment the final outcome of the process or situation will be different every time. Episodic Vs Nonepisodic In an episodic environment, subsequent episodes do not depend on the actions that occurred in previous episodes, agents in this type of environment dont need to plan ahead. Agents in Nonepisodic environments do tend to depend on previous actions that occurred in previous episodes and do tend to have to plan ahead. 4.4 Static Vs Dynamic A static environment is an environment that doesnt change and the time taken for an agent to process an action doesnt matter, as the environment will remain the same. A dynamic environment changes continuously and an intelligent agent has to be able to process actions quickly before the environment changes. Discrete Vs Continuous In a discrete environment the number of distinct percepts and actions that an agent will receive is limited to a set amount, but in a continuous environment the percepts and actions are unlimited. Intelligent agents that are in an accessible or deterministic environment do not need to deal with uncertainty. Inaccessible, Nondeterministic, Nonepisodic, Dynamic, and Continuous environments are the most challenging, as these are unpredictable environments, the other environments are more stable and less volatile. The use of Intelligent Agents in Businesses The use of intelligent agents has increased dramatically over the past 5 year, though the majority of people wouldnt think twice about the process that they do that make their lives easier. During the1990s, A.D.Little, a management consultant, estimated that by the year 2000, 15 to 20 percent of all computer applications would contain intelligent agents. Though this figure has increased a substantial amount with the development of new technologies. The use of intelligent can agents can be seen in every industry sector within the UK and all over the world. The most common and widely used agents are found within two main areas. The first is within office type environments in which computers are used and the second is on the World Wide Web. In the first issue, computer software is the main reason for agents being used so widely: Operating systems use agents to add email and dial up networking account, do group management, add/remove programs and devices and monitor licences. Spreadsheet agents offer suggestions for improvement and can also tutor novice users. Software development agents assist in routine activities such as data filtering. The second and area and probably the largest is the Internet. The internet uses a variety of different types of agents to help the user find what they are looking for. They include: Search engines improve your information retrieval on the Internet Web mastering Agents these agents make it easy to manage a web site Web Agents These agents improve the users browsing experience. Monitoring Agents These agents monitor web sites or specific themes you are interested in. Shopbots These agents allow you to compare prices on Internet. Virtual Assistants these include virtual pets and desktop assistants. Intelligent agents can be seen in a wide variety of situations, the table in point 5.1 provides more examples of what agents are capable of. Though agents are making life easier, it is also reducing the amount of employees needed to do the job. An example of this would be a car-manufacturing factory. During the 1980s thousands of people were employed to make the vehicles but since the introduction of machinery that contains an intelligent agent to do the repetitive work, numerous people were made redundant and the positions in which 4 5 people did the job has been reduced to one or two men and the machine. An intelligent agent is something that perceives and acts in an environments. An ideal agent is one that always takes the action that is expected to maximise its performance. There are a variety of basic agent program designs. The designs vary in efficiency, compactness and flexibility. The appropriate design of the agent program depends on the percepts, actions, goals and environment. Some environments are more demanding than others. Reflex agents respond immediately to percepts, goal based agents act so that they can achieve their goals and utility-based agents try to maximise their own ‘happiness. The use of intelligence agents has increased beyond the expectations of experts within the management and information technology fields. The use of intelligent agents are being seen in a wide cross section of businesses whether it be in machinery and equipment or within the software programs that they have in their computers and networks. The most widely used forms of intelligent agents are found on the Internet, they are mainly used within search engines. Recommendations Intelligent agents are the basis of artificial intelligence; there are considerable ongoing researches into the field, with many exciting possibilities. â€Å"Agents are here to stay, not least because of their diversity, their wide range of applications and the broad spectrum of companies investing in them. As we move further and further into the information age, any information-based organisation which does not invest in agent technology may be committing commercial hara-kiri.† Bibliography Stuart Russell and Peter Norvig 1995,Artificial intelligence: A modern Approach, Prentice Hall www-cdr.Stanford.edu/nextlink/expert.html [Accessed 13 October 2002] Intelligent Agents on the internet: fact, Fiction and Forecast, Oren Etzioni and Daniel S. Weld www.computer.org/intelligent/ex1995/x4044abs.htm [Accessed 16th October 2002] www.hermans.org/agents/index.html [Accessed 16th October 2002] Intelligent agents likely to cut jobs, alter offices, Kile Martz www.bizjournals.com/kansascity/stories/1998/08/03focus5.html [Accessed 16th October 2002] http://www.agentland.com/ http://sbm-connect.tees.ac.uk/ebuscon/Presentations%20(PPP%20%20PDF)%20Files/Chapter%2011%20Intelligent%20Systems%20in%20Business.pdf [Accessed 13th October 2002] Turban, McLean and Wetherbe, 1996, First Edition, Information technology for managers Improving Quality and Productivity Laudon K. Essentials of Management Information Systems, 2002, Fifth Edition, Prentice Hall