Monday, December 23, 2019

The Syrian Conflict The Reasons for Instabiluty and...

Introduction Syria like many countries before them, such as Libya and Egypt has become the epicenter for change in the region, allowing for other countries to follow in their footsteps. The question that is asked, what are the factors behind the instability in Syria and how does the religious conflict within their region have causal relations to the growing instability and the blending of borders due to refugees and displacement of their citizens? Looking exclusively at Syria serious key factors can be represented sociologically with regards to stratification, religion and power that is held by the elite class, which also makes up the religious minority. While roughly 90% of country is Muslim, 74% are Sunni, that makes up a majority of†¦show more content†¦A major concern for collecting impartial and non-biased data needed specific requirements to be met. Once Articles were found that pertain the research topic and question, three articles would need to be chosen. The first article would then be screened to ensure there is little to no bias, and holds a neutral position. The primary source material would be made entirely of numbers and statistics regarding, Syria’s population, diversity makeup, and number of citizens either displaced or refugees to ensure qualitative and quantitative date. Thus the CIA Fact Book website proved to be reliable and nonbiased in terms of strictly data figures. For the other two primary first account reports and articles, was important that they have a stated opinion on the situation involving the Syrian crisis, while maintaining objectivity, by using facts provided over the current situation. These articles and primary resource material allows for concise objective reasoning, on the evolving crisis that is currently developing within Syria and its neighboring countries. With the information provided from resource websites, firsthand accounts, and news organization reporting on new developments assisted with the rese arch and obtaining accurate data, in order for a valid research design and execution. Background Religion is said to be the primary cause of violence that has erupted in many Middle Eastern countries, such as Libya, Egypt, Yemen and Jordan.

Sunday, December 15, 2019

Psoriasis Free Essays

Yes, psoriasis can be treated This six-part KULIT article series by the Persatuan Dermatologi Malaysia aims to raise awareness of psoriasis. In this final article, PDM President Dr Allan K C Yee highlights an important message for people with psoriasis – there is no cure yet for psoriasis, but its symptoms can be effectively treated and managed. Be open-minded and willing to work with your doctor to find a treatment that will work for you. We will write a custom essay sample on Psoriasis or any similar topic only for you Order Now The object of treatment is to reduce the extent and severity of psoriasis – the red scaly stigmata, the tell-tale scaling on one’s clothes, the rough cracked palms that make handshakes awkward, painful joints that limit one’s activities. In short, the goal is to improve the quality of life which has been shown in studies to be as affected as much as other major diseases such as cancer, heart disease and depression. The good news is that with today’s medical armamentarium, much can be done to allow the sufferer a greatly improved quality of life. Treatments must be individualized Fortunately, only 20% of psoriatics suffer from severe psoriasis, and the site involved is so variable that the treatments must be individualized. Limited disease can be treated with topical agents but more extensive skin involvement will require oral systemic treatments, phototherapy with artificial UV light, or even injectable agents (biologics). Furthermore psoriasis can affect any part of the body, each meriting special measures. Site-specific treatments For instance, thick scalp psoriasis is often mistakenly treated with endless anti-dandruff shampoos with little results. Scalp psoriasis invariably responds dramatically to tar pomades under occlusion for one to two weeks, a tip that an experienced dermatologist would gladly share with sufferers. Similarly, thick and cracked scaly palms and soles that prevent working with the hands or sometimes even walking, can be significantly improved with special steroid-salicylic acid ointments used under occlusion. These soften and shed the thickened dead skin making the skin pliable and usable once more. Psoriasis affecting the face, body creases – groins, armpits and private areas can be improved with the udicious use of weaker topical steroids and the newer and safer nonsteroidal calcineurin-inhibitors. The problem is that these thinned skinned areas are often treated with strong steroid creams that are not meant to be used in these sensitive areas. The end-result is irreversible side-effects such as ugly pink stretch marks, easy bruising and skin infections. We see a lot of these unfortunate cases who are sold these strong steroids from errant pharmacies without a prescription, or are introduced to them by well-meaning friends and relatives. The Dermatological Society of Malaysia is working with the Ministry of Health to ensure that potent steroids are only available with a prescription. The treatment should not be worse than the disease! Hopefully with warnings such as in this article, the lay public will be better informed about the dangers of self-medicating with potent topical steroids. Topical Treatments Generally, when the extent of psoriasis is limited to less than 5 – 10% of the body surface area (BSA), it is best to use topical treatments in the form of creams, ointments, lotions. As a guide, 1% of the BSA is the area covered by one’s palm. The red, thickened skin in psoriasis is due to the increased multiplication of the skin, allowing the collection of the dead skin layer to be manifested as thick scales. Most effective treatments whether topical or systemic work by reducing the cell multiplication, and by removing the dead skin layers. Time tested agents are coal tar, and anthranols which are messy and brown-staining thus adding further to the stigmatization sufferers feel. More cosmetically acceptable topical agents are steroid creams, vitamin D analogues and calcineurin inhibitors. The latter two are more expensive than the ubiquitous steroid creams but with a superior safety profile. Most psoriatic lesions also tend to be dry and glycerin, urea-based or other humectant moisturizers help relieve soreness and improve recovery especially when used in conjunction with keratolytics – agents that soften and shed the abnormal dead skin layers. Systemic treatments When more than 10% of BSA is involved it becomes impractical to rely on topical measures alone. It may take more than half an hour just to apply creams on large areas of affected skin. Hence, oral or injectable medications are required. Many of these drugs are able to reduce the skin’s cell multiplication or maturation rate eg methotrexate, hydroxyurea, retinoids. However many others suppress the disease process at a more fundamental level by suppressing the activity of abnormal white cells (T-cells) or by neutralizing the T-cells inflammatory chemicals (eg TNF a) eg cyclosporine and the newer biologic agents licensed for use in Malaysia. With the proper use of these systemic agents singly or in combination, it is often possible to control even the most severe cases of psoriasis. However, these systemic agents should only be used by experienced physicians as many of them can have significant side effects. For example, persons with liver disease or gastric ulcers should not be treated with methotrexate; women of child-bearing age should not use retinoids as it can cause fetal abnormalities; persons with high blood pressure or kidney problems cannot use cyclosporine. If a person with severe psoriasis has liver disease, is a woman of childbearing age, or has kidney problems what options then are available for him/her? There are 3 options – oral salazopyrine which only works in 50% of Asians, the injectable biologic agents, or phototherapy (see below). Biologic agents are the new kids on the block. They have a much better safety profile than the above mentioned oral drugs and can be used in persons with liver, kidney disease and women but unfortunately their high cost means relatively few can afford them. Even in the west, where such expensive treatments are reimbursable, the psoriasis must be shown to be non-responsive to conventional oral drugs, or organ toxicities with these drugs are present. Some of them are very helpful in controlling psoriasis as well as the disabling arthritis that affects 10-30% of psoriatics. Phototherapy (PUVA, UVB, nUVB) This is an excellent form of treatment with artificial UV light which is relatively free from serious side effects apart from a small risk of developing non-melanoma skin cancers with prolonged use. This risk is probably not significant in the setting of Asian skin types especially with the newer types of phototherapy equipment such as narrow band UVB (nUVB), and the excimer laser or excimer light. Another advantage of phototherapy is that it is a clean form of treatment, nonmessy and can give a long remission period of up to one year. The main drawback is that it does require visits to the phototherapy centre 3 times a week for 2-3 months. The good news is that most states in Malaysia now have phototherapy units to treat not only psoriasis, but also vitiligo and severe atopic eczema. Alternative therapies In this day and age where the emphasis is on evidence-based medicine (EBM), alternative therapies must prove its worth with hard core scientific evidence from well-conducted clinical studies. Many people with psoriasis who have suffered from the condition for years are, not surprisingly, hopeful for answers, breakthroughs, and even a â€Å"cure† perhaps. Unfortunately, there is no shortage of charlatans offering â€Å"cures† for psoriasis, often in network marketing schemes. One has to acknowledge the fact that psoriasis has a genetic basis, and unless gene therapy becomes a reality, there cannot be a cure, even with accepted treatments such as climatotherapy in the Dead Sea. Diets for psoriasis are as yet unproven, although an FDA-approved healthy diet with at least 5-9 servings of fresh preferably organic produce may be of help in improving one’s general health. Stress reduction strategies may help insofar as stress precipitates and aggravates psoriasis. Prayer has been shown useful in several medical conditions, and a strong faith life can only help, if only to give one the equanimity to deal with the turbulence of modern life. The future of psoriasis treatments There is considerable optimism in the search for better and safer treatments for psoriasis in the near future. We now have a much better understanding of the genetics and underlying immune derangements in psoriasis. It is only a matter of time before the tremendous amount of ongoing research bears better fruit that is sweeter and without the bitter aftertaste of side-effects. Indeed here are promising smaller molecules in the offing that are cheaper to synthesize. Watch out for this space. Psoriasis affects 2-3 percent of Malaysians. This is the final article of a six-part series from PDM’s â€Å"KULIT – Living with Psoriasis† Campaign 2007. For more on psoriasis, treatment options and KULIT, visit www. dermatology. org. my or email kulitcampaign@yahoo. com. This article is a guide to help you better understand psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. Consult a suitably qualified medical practitioner before acting on any information contained above. KULIT is a community programme sponsored by Wyeth Malaysia. How to cite Psoriasis, Essay examples

Saturday, December 7, 2019

Asthma Essay Research Paper AsthmaAsthma is very free essay sample

Asthma Essay, Research Paper Asthma Asthma is really common, but it isn # 8217 ; t good understood. Current interventions for the disease are acquiring to be more effectual. In the hereafter, hopefully progresss in medical research will take to even better interventions so the 1s we presently have. We use our lungs to take a breath they work by taking O from the air we breathe in and so disposing it as C dioxide ; Carbon Dioxide is a deathly waste merchandise made by the cells of the organic structure. Once this exchange has taken topographic point, Carbon dioxide is removed from the organic structure by take a breathing it out, or expiring. Asthma is a upset that interferes with the lungs and the air passages to the lungs. It causes onslaughts of wheezing and hard external respiration. An asthma onslaught occurs when the air passages respond to some sort of trigger, Some illustrations of triggers for Asthma onslaughts are dust, cast, pets, exercising, cold conditions, and some onslaughts start for no known ground. We will write a custom essay sample on Asthma Essay Research Paper AsthmaAsthma is very or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The triggers may annoy the air passages to the lungs, leting disease-fighting cells to construct up and doing the lungs to swell up. In add-on, the air passages could acquire blocked when the musculuss environing the lungs tighten. This keeps air from go arounding freely in the lungs. Or, mucous secretion may choke off and contract the air passages in the lungs, doing take a breathing even more hard. During an asthma onslaught, the walls of the air passages become ireful, and the mucose membrane found on the walls of the lungs become conceited with fluid and mucous secretion fills taking up the staying infinite, doing it hard to take a breath. *Because air can non flux in and out of the lungs freely, a whistle or wheezing sound may be heard. During a terrible onslaught, wheezing might halt because of the air traveling in and out of the lungs are excessively weak to do any noise. Asthma onslaughts are known as three different degrees they are mild, moderate, or severe, and they can last up excessively ass small as a few proceedingss, or every bit long as several yearss. Asthmas onslaughts can go on at any clip and the can go on anyplace. Many onslaughts occur at dark. There can be warning marks of an onslaught before it happens, but sometimes there aren # 8217 ; t any marks at all. Symptoms of Asthma The symptoms of asthma can different among people. Normally there is antsy pharynx, or stringency in the thorax, followed by a cough, wheezing, or shortness of breath. It # 8217 ; s clip to acquire aid if # 8230 ; ? Your symptoms do non acquire better with medicine Your take a breathing continues to acquire worse after intervention ? Your fingernails or lips turn grey or bluish ? It is hard to walk or speak, or you have utmost trouble take a breathing ? It feels like your cervix, thorax, or ribs are pulled in with each breath you take ? Your anterior nariss flare when you breathe Beginning: American Academy of Family Physicians Gun triggers of Asthma Although the specific things that trigger an asthma onslaught can alter from individual to individual, some common triggers are good known. These include the followers: Allergens ( substances that people are allergic to ) Common allergens include pollen, cast, carnal hair or pelt, family dust/dust touchs, cockroaches, and certain nutrients. Infections Both bacterial and viral infections can annoy the air passages, triping asthma onslaughts. Sinusitis ( inflammatio N of the nose and rhinal air passages ) During a sinus infection, mucus run outing into the nose, pharynx, and lungs can do asthma symptoms. Irritants. Examples of thorns to the air passages include strong olfactory properties and sprays ( aromas, family cleaners, pigments, and varnishes ) ; certain chemicals like coal, chalk dust, and talcum pulverization ; air pollutants ; baccy fume ; altering conditions conditions ( for illustration, cold conditions ) . Smoke Inhaling fume from coffin nails or fires harms the air passages and is particularly difficult on the air passages of people with asthma. In fact, coffin nail smoke is responsible for more than half of the instances of asthma in people over 40 old ages of age. Exercise Although exercising is good for people with asthma, it can trip an asthma onslaught. Peoples with asthma demand to work with their physicians to forestall asthma onslaughts due to exert ( certain drugs can assist forestall asthma symptoms from happening after exercising ) . Exposure to thorns on the occupation Many instances of asthma are worsened or even caused by exposure to bluess, dust, gases, or exhausts in the workplace. This type of asthma normally improves when the individual takes a few yearss off from work, such as on weekends and holidaies. Sensitivity to medicines and sulfites Approximately 5 % to 20 % of grownups with asthma have onslaughts triggered by sensitivenesss or allergic reactions to sulfites and to medicines such as acetylsalicylic acid, isobutylphenyl propionic acid, Indocin, and naproxen. Peoples with asthma should confer with their doctors before taking any new medicine, including those available without a prescription. Sulfites are frequently used to continue nutrients and drinks, including tuna, nutrients available at salad bars, dried apples and raisins, lemon juice, grape juice, and vino. IMPORTANT NOTICE: In March, 1997, the United States Food and Drug Administration issued a warning that people with asthma or allergic reactions as to sulfites should non eat transcribed white ( albacore ) tuna or light tuna because most transcribed tuna contains sulfites, even though they are non listed on the label. If you want more information about the sulfite content of specific tuna merchandises, delight name 800-283-1112, a particular figure set up by the tuna industry. Emotional anxiousness Strong emotions and nervous emphasis can trip asthma in some people. This may be due, in portion, to the ability of emotions and emphasis to weaken the organic structure # 8217 ; s defences. Allergies and Asthma Allergies are the one of the chief prima causes of asthma. About 90 % of kids under the age of 10 that are infected with asthma have allergic reactions. Around 70 % of people under the age of 30 have asthma and 50 % of those over 30. Allergies is likely to be a assisting factor to asthma if: ? You have close relations with allergic reaction ( that is, a female parent, male parent, sister, brother, aunt, uncle, or kid ) ? Asthma begins at a immature age ? Symptoms occur or decline with different seasons ( normally fall or spring ) ? You have allergic symptoms like runny nose, hay febrility, or a skin status called eczema ? Tests show that your blood or spit contains a higher than normal degree of eosinophils, particular cells that fight infection. hypertext transfer protocol: //fbhc.org/modules/asthma Bibliography N / A